[83] The central government decision to implement nominee pre-screening before allowing Chief Executive elections triggered a series of protests in 2014 which became known as the Umbrella Revolution. The City of Victoria, often called Victoria City or simply Victoria, is the de facto capital of Hong Kong during the British colonial period, and the de jure capital of the HKSAR. [30] The territory's highest point is Tai Mo Shan, 957 metres (3,140 ft) above sea level. [17][18][19], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}22°16′42″N 114°10′28″E / 22.27833°N 114.17444°E / 22.27833; 114.17444, A 1915 map showing Victoria in the north shore of Hong Kong Island (below); Kowloon peninsula (above) was not part of the colony until 1860. More than 90 per cent of Hong Kong's food is imported, including nearly all its meat and rice. Although the traders were expelled after military clashes in the 1520s,[53] Portuguese-Chinese trade relations were re-established by 1549. Conditions on the island improved during the Taiping Rebellion in the 1850s, when many Chinese refugees, including wealthy merchants, fled mainland turbulence and settled in the colony. [59] After more than a year of further hostilities, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded to the United Kingdom in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking. [77] The Legislative Council became a fully elected legislature for the first time in 1995 and extensively expanded its functions and organisations throughout the last years of the colonial rule. The colony faced an uncertain future as the end of the New Territories lease approached, and Governor Murray MacLehose raised the question of Hong Kong's status with Deng Xiaoping in 1979. A tech-focused fund. [163] The highest and lowest recorded temperatures in all of Hong Kong are 39.0 °C (102 °F) at Wetland Park on 22 August 2017,[164] and −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) at Tai Mo Shan on 24 January 2016. [224][225], Hong Kong has a highly developed, sophisticated transport network. Capitale Wine is your best source for great wines from all around the world! Su fundación data del año 1871, y abrió sus puertas al público en el año 1864, en su primera etapa. They were charged with contempt and interfering with members of the council, while none of the pro-Beijing lawmakers were detained. [119][120], The Hong Kong Garrison of the People's Liberation Army is responsible for the region's defence. [5] It was one of the first urban settlements in Hong Kong and its boundaries are recorded in the Laws of Hong Kong. [138][139] Employment vacancies and public service appointments frequently have language requirements which minority job seekers do not meet, and language education resources remain inadequate for Chinese learners. [125] The territory actively participates in the World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the International Olympic Committee, and many United Nations agencies. [21] It is the world's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. [212][213] The Closer Partnership Economic Arrangement formalised a policy of free trade between the two areas, with each jurisdiction pledging to remove remaining obstacles to trade and cross-boundary investment. [78] Hong Kong was transferred to China on 1 July 1997, after 156 years of British rule. [3] Traditional Chinese characters are used in writing, rather than the simplified characters used on the mainland. [273] By the 1960s, the city was well known to overseas audiences through films such as The World of Suzie Wong. [309], Hong Kong's major English-language newspaper is the South China Morning Post, with The Standard serving as a business-oriented alternative. [189] Followers of other religions, including Sikhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and the Baháʼí Faith, generally originate from regions where their religion predominates. [282] The publicly funded Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, the territory's oldest professional symphony orchestra, frequently host musicians and conductors from overseas. ", "All aboard: Hong Kong bullet train signals high-speed integration with China", "Ingenious Flipper Bridge Melds Left-Side Drivers With Right-Side Drivers", "China makes its military more visible in Hong Kong", "Racism is rife in Hong Kong and the Equal Opportunities Commission is a toothless hamster to tackle it", "These Are the Cities With the Most Ultra-Rich People", "Going up! This was influenced by British-style education, a separate political system, and the territory's rapid development during the late 20th century. [274] When Bruce Lee's Way of the Dragon was released in 1972, local productions became popular outside Hong Kong. [254] Toilets in most built-up areas of the territory flush with seawater, greatly reducing freshwater use.[253]. [62] Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. Hongkonger and foreign women and girls are forced into prostitution in brothels, homes, and businesses in the city. [44] Neolithic to Bronze Age Hong Kong settlers were semi-coastal people. [314] Ten non-domestic broadcasters air programming for the territory's foreign population. Local versions of Western food are served at cha chaan teng (fast, casual restaurants). Colonial governments had little industrial policy, and implemented almost no trade controls. The State Council (led by the Premier of China) appoints the Chief Executive after nomination by the Election Committee, which is composed of 1,200 business, community, and government leaders. [134] The government has been repeatedly petitioned to introduce direct elections for these positions. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. [151], In October 2020, Hong Kong authorities had arrested seven politicians from the pro-democracy camp over its tussles with pro-Beijing politicians during the Legislative Council in May. [301] The Chinese University of Hong Kong was established in 1963 to fill the need for a university that taught using Chinese as its primary language of instruction. The territory was the first market outside mainland China for renminbi-denominated bonds, and is one of the largest hubs for offshore renminbi trading. [60], Administrative infrastructure was quickly built by early 1842, but piracy, disease, and hostile Qing policies initially prevented the government from attracting commerce. [272] Dim sum, as part of yum cha (brunch), is a dining-out tradition with family and friends. [291] Three forms of gambling are legal in Hong Kong: lotteries and betting on horse racing and football. The commissioner destroyed opium stockpiles and halted all foreign trade,[58] triggering a British military response and the First Opium War. It was initially named Queenstown but was soon known as Victoria. [17][18] The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. [230] Connecting service to the national high-speed rail system is provided at West Kowloon railway station. [68], Its population rebounded quickly after the war, as skilled Chinese migrants fled from the Chinese Civil War, and more refugees crossed the border when the Communist Party took control of mainland China in 1949. [133], As of 2020, Hong Kong is considered a flawed democracy that is not fully representative of the population. Hong Kong's political and judicial systems may be integrated with China's at that time, or the territory may continue to be administered separately. [46] The region was consolidated under the Nanyue kingdom (a predecessor state of Vietnam) after the Qin collapse[47] and recaptured by China after the Han conquest. Lee Lai-shan won the territory's first and only Olympic gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. [45] Bronze Age Hong Kong was featured with coarse pottery, hard pottery, quartz and stone jewelry, as well as small bronze implements. [156][157] About 40 per cent of the remaining land area are country parks and nature reserves. [154] Much of this is built on reclaimed land; 70 km2 (27 sq mi) (six per cent of the total land or about 25 per cent of developed space in the territory) is reclaimed from the sea. [38], The simplified name Hong Kong was frequently used by 1810. [19] As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems". "Hong Kong Activists Stare Down 'Great Firewall of China'", Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, "Education in Hong Kong and China: Towards Convergence? [65] The colonial government prepared for a possible attack, evacuating all British women and children in 1940. [114] Furthermore, in circumstances where the Standing Committee declares a state of emergency in Hong Kong, the State Council may enforce national law in the region. 2016) 7 167 403 hab. [118] Public finances are handled separately from the national government; taxes levied in Hong Kong do not fund the central authority. [46] [47] Il dominio dell'area fu consolidato sotto il regno di Nanyue , fondato dal generale Zhao Tuo, nel 204 a.C., dopo la caduta della dinastia Qin . [17] By the end of this war, Hong Kong had evolved from a transient colonial outpost into a major entrepôt. The city has hosted a number of major sporting events, including the 2009 East Asian Games, the 2008 Summer Olympics equestrian events, and the 2007 Premier League Asia Trophy. [75] The impending transfer triggered a wave of mass emigration as residents feared an erosion of civil rights, the rule of law, and quality of life. The City of Victoria,[1] often called Victoria City or simply Victoria, is the de facto capital of Hong Kong during the British colonial period,[3] and the de jure capital of the HKSAR. [105], Twenty-two political parties had representatives elected to the Legislative Council in the 2016 election. It is spoken by 94.6 per cent of the population, 88.9 per cent as a first language and 5.7 per cent as a second language. L'osservanza rigorosa delle regole del traffico, l'assenza di segnali sonori, il design colorato delle strade suggeriscono involontariamente: "Hong Kong è la capitale di quale paese? [106] All popularly elected members are chosen by proportional representation. 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