Outraged, Louis swore upon relics that so long as he lived Pierre should never enter Bourges. As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. As the duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. Children born to a marriage that was later annulled were not at risk of being "bastardised," because "[w]here parties married in good faith, without knowledge of an impediment, ... children of the marriage were legitimate." In the 2003 television film The Lion in Winter, Eleanor was played by Glenn Close alongside Patrick Stewart as Henry. In the 2014 film Richard the Lionheart: Rebellion, Eleanor is played by Debbie Rochon. BTS SIO Aliénor d'Aquitaine - Poitiers. Le Domaine Aliénor d’Aquitaine, un lieu atypique. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress—Motion Picture Drama, The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of León, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.asp#7, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was", Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (1978 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography; (1991 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life (2008 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages (2014 edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_of_Aquitaine&oldid=995815743, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with incomplete citations from May 2016, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2015, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 23 December 2020, at 01:12. This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom for the still-supervised Eleanor. Her seal of c.1152 shows a woman with a slender figure, but this is likely an impersonal image.[7]. Tél: +33 (0)5 49 44 81 00. Aliénor d’Aquitaine, morte à Poitiers au printemps 1204, repose non loin de là au nord de ses terres, dans la superbe abbaye de Fontevraud, aux frontières du Poitou et du Val de Loire. To strengthen their argument, they state that there is no other evidence that Marie ever stayed with her mother in Poitiers. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. Le prénom devient Éléanor en langue d'oïl. [3] Eleanor developed skills in conversation, dancing, games such as backgammon, checkers, and chess, playing the harp, and singing. He added that she gained the epithet chrysopous (golden-foot) from the cloth of gold that decorated and fringed her robe. Belle et séduisante, un sourire charmeur, un doux regard, des manières nobles, l’esprit vif et cultivé, elle aime les fêtes et les fleurs. Within hours, the king had arranged for his son Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Their two daughters were, however, declared legitimate. Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. "[28] Once her sons had left for Paris, Eleanor may have encouraged the lords of the south to rise up and support them.[7]. In response, Bernard became more kindly towards her: "My child, seek those things which make for peace. Louis's long march to Jerusalem and back north, which Eleanor was forced to join, debilitated his army and disheartened her knights; the divided Crusade armies could not overcome the Muslim forces, and the royal couple had to return home. Notre établissement La Rose d’Aliénor est ouvert depuis 1997, géré sous forme de SARL. She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands. Little is known of Eleanor's involvement in these events. On the day set for the crossing of Mount Cadmus, Louis chose to take charge of the rear of the column, where the unarmed pilgrims and the baggage trains marched. A marriage between Henry and Eleanor's daughter Marie had earlier been declared impossible due to their status as third cousins once removed. Eleanor (or Aliénor) was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was renowned in early 12th-century Europe, and his wife, Aenor de Châtellerault, the daughter of Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault, and Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. Louis of France had remarried and been widowed; he married for the third time and finally fathered a long-hoped-for son, Philip Augustus, also known as Dieudonne—God-given). Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine Poitiers, 86, Vienne - Onisep.fr : informations détaillées et formations proposées par cet établissement (Lycée) Eleanor also appears briefly in the first novel of Penman's Welsh trilogy, Here Be Dragons. The story that she and her ladies dressed as Amazons is disputed by historians, sometimes confused with the account of King Conrad's train of ladies during this campaign in Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Louis, however, still burned with guilt over the massacre at Vitry and wished to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to atone for his sins. While there, the queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, demanding that he use his influence with the Pope to have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges. When most of the land army arrived, the king and queen had a dispute. Henry then went about his own business outside Aquitaine, leaving Earl Patrick, his regional military commander, as her protective custodian. However, while camping near Nicea, the remnants of the German army, including a dazed and sick Conrad III, staggered past the French camp, bringing news of their disaster. [25] Amy Kelly, in her article, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love," gives a very plausible description of the origins of the rules of Eleanor's court: "In the Poitevin code, man is the property, the very thing of woman; whereas a precisely contrary state of things existed in the adjacent realms of the two kings from whom the reigning duchess of Aquitaine was estranged. Elle tenait, notamment à Poitiers, une cour raffinée et brillante où se réunissaient les artistes et les poètes. Eleanor was related to Henry even more closely than she had been to Louis: they were cousins to the third degree through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou, wife of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gâtinais, and they were also descended from King Robert II of France. Of all her influence on culture, Eleanor's time in Poitiers between 1168 and 1173 was perhaps the most critical, yet very little is known about it. Although Eleanor held no formal office in England during this period, she arrived in England in the company of Coutances in June 1191, and for the remainder of Richard's absence, she exercised a considerable degree of influence over the affairs of England as well as the conduct of Prince John. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. He reportedly "nimbly and bravely scaled a rock by making use of some tree roots which God had provided for his safety" and managed to survive the attack. The four published mysteries are the Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness. Fax: +33 (0)5 49 44 81 10. [19] Thus was conceived their second child —not a son, but another daughter, Alix of France. King Philip II of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to his half-sister Margaret, widow of the young Henry, but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death. When Patrick was killed in a skirmish, Eleanor, who proceeded to ransom his captured nephew, the young William Marshal, was left in control of her lands. Aliénor d'Aquitaine, aussi connue sous le nom d’Éléonore d'Aquitaine ou de Guyenne, née vers 1122 et morte le 31 mars ou le 1 avril 1204 à Poitiers , et non à l'abbaye de Fontevraud , a été tour à tour reine de France, puis reine d'Angleterre. Lycée Aliénor D'aquitaine. She did not have the opportunity to see her sons very often during her imprisonment, though she was released for special occasions such as Christmas. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the young king realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. Hugues de Toucy, archbishop of Sens, presided, and Louis and Eleanor were both present, as were the archbishop of Bordeaux and Rouen. Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, as well as facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for annulment, Louis bowed to the inevitable. Eleanor recruited some of her royal ladies-in-waiting for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble Aquitainian vassals. However, this rumour may have been a ruse, as Raymond, through Eleanor, had been trying to induce Louis to use his army to attack the actual Muslim encampment at nearby Aleppo, gateway to retaking Edessa, which had all along, by papal decree, been the main objective of the Crusade. Louis's subsequent siege of Damascus in 1148 with his remaining army, reinforced by Conrad and Baldwin III of Jerusalem, achieved little. Raymond had plans to abduct Eleanor, to which she consented. John Speed, in his 1611 work History of Great Britain, mentions the possibility that Eleanor had a son named Philip, who died young. She stayed for two months at the Castilian court, then late in March journeyed with granddaughter Blanche back across the Pyrenees. As the heir of the House of Poitiers, rulers in southwestern France, she was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Historical fiction author Elizabeth Chadwick wrote a three-volume series about Eleanor: The Summer Queen (2013), The Winter Crown (2014) and The Autumn Throne (2016). After wandering aimlessly through Aquitaine, Henry the Younger caught dysentery. It was decided that he would escort the queen and princess north. During the period from Henry's accession to the birth of Eleanor's youngest son John, affairs in the kingdom were turbulent: Aquitaine, as was the norm, defied the authority of Henry as Eleanor's husband and answered only to their duchess. She was compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates. (établissement d’Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes) ce qui nous permet grâce à une équipe soignante renforcée de gérer la prise en charge de la dépendance de nos résidents. Henry II sent Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells, to break the news to Eleanor at Sarum. "[27] One source claimed that the queen sent her younger sons to France "to join with him against their father the king. It was a gamble that did not pay off, and whether through military error or betrayal, the Damascus campaign was a failure. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William dictated a will on the very day he died that bequeathed his domains to Eleanor and appointed King Louis VI of France as her guardian. It is certain that by late 1166, Henry's notorious affair with Rosamund Clifford had become known, and Eleanor's marriage to Henry appears to have become terminally strained. As soon as John heard of this, he marched south, overcame the besiegers, and captured the 15-year-old Arthur, and probably his sister Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, whom Eleanor had raised with Richard. Henry was by no means faithful to his wife and had a reputation for philandering. Flower and Hawk is a monodrama for soprano and orchestra, written by American composer, Carlisle Floyd that premiered in 1972, in which the soprano (Eleanor of Aquitaine) relives past memories of her time as queen, and at the end of the monodrama, hears the bells that toll for Henry II's death, and in turn, her freedom. His eldest surviving son, Louis, had originally been destined for monastic life, but had become the heir apparent when the firstborn, Philip, died in a riding accident in 1131.[11]. As queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade. Three months after becoming duchess upon the death of her father, William X, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI. © Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Poitiers 2010 - 2020 41 rue Pierre de Coubertin 86000 Poitiers, France Tél : +33 (0)5 49 44 81 00 Fax: +33 (0)5 49 44 81 10 The king and queen were still optimistic —the Byzantine Emperor had told them that King Conrad III of Germany had won a great victory against a Turkish army when in fact the German army had been almost completely destroyed at Dorylaeum. L’enfance d’Aliénor d’Aquitaine Son enfance est très mal connue. [10] William requested of the king that he take care of both the lands and the duchess, and find her a suitable husband. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. In Sharon Kay Penman's Plantagenet novels, she figures prominently in When Christ and His Saints Slept, Time and Chance, and Devil's Brood, and also appears in Lionheart and A King's Ransom, both of which focus on the reign of her son, Richard, as king of England. © Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Poitiers 2010 - 2020 41 rue Pierre de Coubertin 86000 Poitiers, France Tél : +33 (0)5 49 44 81 00 Fax: +33 (0)5 49 44 81 10 Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Poitiers The vanguard, with which Queen Eleanor marched, was commanded by her Aquitainian vassal, Geoffrey de Rancon. The exhausted Eleanor went to Fontevraud, where she remained. Such disobedience was reportedly common. Although Louis was a pious man, he soon came into a violent conflict with Pope Innocent II. OpenStreetMap Embedded. Eventually, he arranged events so that Eleanor had no choice[clarification needed] but to sleep with Louis in a bed specially prepared[how?] The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch. Eleanor of Aquitaine is thought to be the queen of England mentioned in the poem "Were diu werlt alle min," used as the tenth movement of Carl Orff's famous cantata, Carmina Burana.[33]. When war broke out between John and Philip, Eleanor declared her support for John and set out from Fontevraud to her capital Poitiers to prevent her grandson Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, posthumous son of Eleanor's son Geoffrey and John's rival for the English throne, from taking control. [Adelaide] perhaps [based] her preconceptions on another southerner, Constance of Provence ... tales of her allegedly immodest dress and language still continued to circulate among the sober Franks. Fondée en 1431, l'Université de Poitiers regroupe toutes les disciplines dans ses 14 facultés, instituts et écoles. Louis then decided to cross the Phrygian mountains directly in the hope of reaching Raymond of Poitiers in Antioch more quickly. She led armies several times in her life and was a leader of the Second Crusade. En route pour Bordeaux et ses environs. [7] Andreas wrote for the court of the king of France, where Eleanor was not held in esteem. In early summer, Eleanor was ill, and John visited her at Fontevraud. One of Louis's avowed Crusade goals was to journey in pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and he stated his intention to continue. During her imprisonment, Eleanor became more and more distant from her sons, especially from Richard, who had always been her favourite. Louis was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of Vitry. [18] Henry donated much money to Godstow Nunnery, where Rosamund was buried. Those who tried to escape were caught and killed. By the time of her death she had outlived all of her children except for King John of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Most recently, she was portrayed by Eileen Atkins in Robin Hood. Raymond de Poitiers accueillant Louis VII à Antioche, d'après une enluminure de Jean Colombe pour Les Passages d'oultre mer de Sébastien Mamerot, vers 1473-1474. today dismiss this as familial affection, noting their early friendship and his similarity to her father and grandfather, some of Eleanor's adversaries interpreted the generous displays of affection as an incestuous affair. Since Geoffrey was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. In addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed what was considered to be "excessive affection" towards her uncle. He was joined by troops sent by his brother Geoffrey and Philip II of France. Polly Schroyer Brooks, the author of a non-academic biography of Eleanor, suggests that the court did exist, but that it was not taken very seriously, and that acts of courtly love were just a "parlour game" made up by Eleanor and Marie in order to place some order over the young courtiers living there. All that can be said is that her court at Poitiers was most likely a catalyst for the increased popularity of courtly love literature in the Western European regions. Jean Plaidy's novel The Courts of Love, fifth in the 'Queens of England' series, is a fictionalised autobiography of Eleanor of Aquitaine. © Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Poitiers 2010 - 2020 41 rue Pierre de Coubertin 86000 Poitiers, France Tél : +33 (0)5 49 44 81 00 Fax: +33 (0)5 49 44 81 10 Cette page web vous détaille l'établissement "Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine", Lycée Général et Technologique, localisé à l'adresse 41 Rue Pierre de Coubertin, 86000 Poitiers, dépendant de l'Académie de Poitiers, dont l'identifiant national est 0860038Z.Ce lycée est public. [7] Some believe that Eleanor's court in Poitiers was the "Court of Love" where Eleanor and her daughter Marie meshed and encouraged the ideas of troubadours, chivalry, and courtly love into a single court. In the 1964 film Becket, Eleanor is briefly played by Pamela Brown to Peter O'Toole's first performance as a young Henry II. Château Aliénor d'Aquitaine Guillaume IX de Poitiers Ancien palais des comtes de Poitou Les comtes de Poitou Nous voilà dans l’actuel palais de Justice, le vieux château des comtes du Poitou ! [7] It was agreed that the land would remain independent of France until Eleanor's oldest son became both king of France and duke of Aquitaine. It may have been largely to teach manners, something the French courts would be known for in later generations. He fled to Paris. She stayed in Normandy for six months. Présentation du Lycée Aliénor d'Aquitaine, établissement Public de Poitiers (86). Situé à moins de 15 min du Futuroscope, le parc d'activités Aliénor d'Aquitaine fait une surface totale de 200 ha dont 150 ha dédiés à l'accueil d'activités économiques. Nevertheless, rumours persisted, perhaps assisted by Henry's camp, that Eleanor had poisoned Rosamund. In 1183, the young King Henry tried again to force his father to hand over some of his patrimony. "[10][30] William of Newburgh emphasised the charms of her person, and even in her old age Richard of Devizes described her as beautiful, while Matthew Paris, writing in the 13th century, recalled her "admirable beauty. Just outside Poitiers she was ambushed and held captive by Hugh IX of Lusignan, whose lands had been sold to Henry II by his forebears. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress—Motion Picture Drama. She and Blanche rode in easy stages to the valley of the Loire, and she entrusted Blanche to the archbishop of Bordeaux, who took over as her escort. Eleanor died in 1204 and was entombed in Fontevraud Abbey next to her husband Henry and her son Richard. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring." In 1141, the Archbishopric of Bourges became vacant, and the king put forward as a candidate one of his chancellors, Cadurc, while vetoing the one suitable candidate, Pierre de la Chatre, who was promptly elected by the canons of Bourges and consecrated by the Pope. [7] Even in an era when ladies of the nobility were excessively praised, their praise of her was undoubtedly sincere. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in the company of other pilgrims. When his father's ring was sent to him, he begged that his father would show mercy to his mother, and that all his companions would plead with Henry to set her free. Duchesse à la mort de son père (1137), elle fut mariée dès son avènement au prince Louis, qui montait, deux semaines plus tard, sur le trône de France sous le nom de Louis VII. In eastern Europe, the French army was at times hindered by Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor, who feared that the Crusade would jeopardise the tenuous safety of his empire. The king was madly in love with his beautiful and worldly bride, however, and granted her every whim, even though her behaviour baffled and vexed him. [9] Later, during the first four years of Henry II's reign, her siblings joined Eleanor's royal household. Pendant la deuxième croisade , Louis VII , roi des Francs et sa femme Aliénor d'Aquitaine , nièce de Raymond, s'arrêtèrent à Antioche. In 1137 Duke William X left Poitiers for Bordeaux and took his daughters with him. In addition, she had been corresponding with her uncle Raymond, Prince of Antioch, who was seeking further protection from the French crown against the Saracens. Contact. This resulted in the army becoming separated, with some having already crossed the summit and others still approaching it. Dans un parc arboré de Jaunay-Marigny, aux portes du Futuroscope, le Domaine Aliénor-d’Aquitaine propose deux bâtiments pour différents usages. 2010 - 2020, BTS Service Informatique aux Organisations (SIO), Diplôme d’état de Conseiller en Economie Sociale Familiale (DE CESF), Diplôme de Comptabilité et de Gestion (DCG), Classe Préparatoire Economique et Commerciale Générale (ECG), Adaptation pour Techniciens Supérieurs – ATS Management Gestion, Les espaces numériques de travail du lycée, Contacter le Directeur Délégué aux Formations Professionnelles et Technologiques, Le masque est obligatoire sur l’ensemble des parties urbanisées du territoire du département de la Vienne, Protocole et recommandations sanitaires de rentrée, Salon virtuel l’Étudiant de Niort le samedi 12 décembre 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_Ntxxx9hTE. On 11 March 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. Duchesse d’Aquitaine, Reine de France (1137 – 1152) puis d’Angleterre (1154 – 1204) 1122/1124 – Poitiers, 1204 Eleanor is said to have been named for her mother Aenor and called Aliénor from the Latin Alia Aenor, which means the other Aenor. © Fille de Guillaume X, duc d'Aquitaine.